PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.